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What is Body Fat Percentage?
Body fat percentage is the proportion of fat tissue relative to your total body weight. It includes essential body fat and storage body fat. Essential body fat is necessary for life and reproductive functions, typically 2-5% in men and 10-13% in women.
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U.S. Navy Method
The equation was developed at the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC), San Diego, California. This method has an accuracy rate of approximately 3-4% and uses simple circumference measurements that can be done at home with just a measuring tape.
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Body Fat vs BMI
BMI (Body Mass Index) measures body weight relative to height and does not distinguish between fat and muscle. Body fat percentage specifically measures the proportion of fat in your body. This makes body fat percentage a more accurate indicator of health and fitness.
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Essential vs Storage Fat
Essential body fat maintains life and reproductive functions. Storage fat accumulates in adipose tissue, including subcutaneous fat (under the skin) and visceral fat (around organs). Both types play important roles in health and metabolism.
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Health Implications
Visceral fat has a role in the release of cytokines that can increase cardiovascular disease risk. It's associated with higher LDL cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Maintaining healthy body fat levels is crucial for overall health.
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Measurement Accuracy
Multi-compartment models are considered the "gold standard" with error rates under 1%. DXA scans have 2.5-3.5% error rates, while hydrostatic weighing can be as low as 2% error when performed perfectly. The U.S. Navy method offers good accuracy for home use.